Heating



(No Model.) 4' Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. H. BRADY. HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING SYSTEM. No. 504,961. Patented Sept. 12, 1893;.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I J.-H. BRADY. HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

No. 504,961. Patented Sept. 12, 1893.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

J. ELBR'ADY. HEATING, COOLING; AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

Patented'Sept. 12, 1893.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4,

. J. H. BRADY.

HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

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6 F Fllll I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH H. BRADY, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

HEATING, COOLING, AND VE NTILAT|NG SYSTEM,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 504,961, dated September 12, 1893.

g Application filed May 9, 1892. Serial No. 432,230. (No model.)

To a. whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. BRADY, of Kansas City, Jackson county, Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Warming and Ventilating Systems forBuildings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to an improved warming and ventilating system having adaptation to buildings of various kinds, especially properly located therein.

school-buildings, church-buildings, places of amusements, business-buildings, hotels and the like, and it consists in the novel construcand mixing compartments, and also an adjao. cent portionof-the next upper story of the building. Fig.1'3is a horizontal section, on

the line 3-3. of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is atransverse vertical section, on the line 44 of Fig. 6, showing the basement and three upper stories of. the building. Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 4, but looking toward the opposite side of the wall from that exposed in Fig. 4. Fig.

6 is an irregular transverse vertical section,

on the line 66 of Fig. 5, showing the basement and three upper stories of the building. Fig. 7 is atransverse vertical section, on the .line 77 of Fig. 1.

In carrying out my invention, fresh cold airis drawn inward .frpm the outside of the building, and is caused to enter a compartment where ill. is heated by indirect radiation, and from which it passes into up-take lines which deliver it .into the apartments which are to be heated, cooled and ventilated. If the 5o;

airzin this compartment becomes heated ltd too high a degree, a certain quantity of cold .air is introduced into the. flueat a pointmeari the compartment, and is mingled with the heated air, so as to reduce its temperature to the required degree. Steam-pipes extend upward through these fines, and also downward therein, in a straight line past the floor-line of each story of the building above the basement thereof, so as to compensate for absorption of heat and retain as near as practicable a comfortable temperature in each of said flues or passages at points remote from their lower ends, and the air is discharged from one flue near the ceiling of an apartment, and 'is withdrawn from said apartment at a point near the floor thereof, and drawn into a second flue; the air being thus allowed to circulate freely throughout the apartment, and to descend as it cools so as to properly escape from theapartment. This discharged airis then carried upward in the second flue, and is discharged from thebuilding, at the roof of the same. A series of these fines or passages are divided by horizontal-partitions into upper and lower chambers, so that there is an upper chamber in each flue of such series communicating with th e lower-portion of a room in a story directly above, and a lower chamber with walls in vertical alignment with the walls of said upper chamber, and which lowerchamber communicateswith theupper portion of a room on the floor below the room with which said upper-chamber is, in communication, so that by such arrangement a single vertical flue acts as a supply passage-for one room and as an exit-passage for a room on the floor directly above, thereby economizing greatly in the space required for such flues or passages. It will be observed that by so constructing the series of fines an exit-flue for one room is superposed above a supply flue for a room beneath or upon a floor below.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, -.1 designates the basement or lowest apartment of the building. 2 designate the outer walls of the same, and 3 two of the interior or partition-walls of the same. It is to be understood that the precise dimensions and relative locations ofthese walls are to be varied as the requirements of the buildingplans shall demand, and that the arrangement of the parts as shown is principallyfor the purpose of illustration only. This basement is divided into a furnace-room 4, a coldair compartment 5, and two other compartments 6 and-7; such compartments being for the storage of fuel, or for other uses desired; the compartment 5 being separated from the furnace-room 4 by one of the walls 3, and from the apartment 7 by the other wall 3, while said compartment 5 is separated from the apartment 6 by a wall 8 through which is formed asuitable door-opening 9 by which access to the compartment 5 is attained; this compartment being preferably thus isolated to prevent contamination of the incoming pure air.

In the furnace-room 4 is located a suitable furnace 10 which may be of any suitable or preferred type of steam-heating furnace, and which is provided with the usual out-let pipe 11 and return-pipe 12 for steam.

The cold-air compartment 5 is provided with two, or any preferred number of openings 13, which are formed through the outer wall 2 of the building, and through which air from outside of the building enters the compartment. Within this compartment are shown two air-mixing chambers 14, the front walls of which do not reach the floor of the compartment, and each of which is provided with a suitable door 15 for affording access to the interior of the chambers. It is to be understood that there may be either but one ofthe air-mixing chambers 14, or more than two of said chambers, according to the size, and other structural requirements of the building. Each of these chambers is built directly against the front of the lower part of a flue or chimney 16 which extends upward from the basement to and through the roof of the building. As shown, each of these flues 16 contains three vertical parallel passageways 17 which extend upward to the several stories of the building, and certain of which extend to and through the roof of the building. Each of these passageways communicates at its lower portion with the upper part of the airmixing chamber 14 through an opening 18, and each passageway 17 also communicates at its lower end with the lower part of the air mixing chamber 14 through. an opening 19; there being asmany-of the openings 18 and 19 as there are passageways in the fine or chimney 16. Each opening 19 is provided with a hinged gate or door 20 to which is connected the lower end of a chain 21, or an equivalent flexible connection, the upper end of which is designed to be engaged with one or another of a vertical series of hooks 22, which are located above the openings 19, and which serve to retain the doors or gates either in wholly or partially open position, as required.

Within the upper part of the air-mixing chamber 14 is located any desired number of steam heat-radiating coils 23, which are providedwith the usual inlet or supply pipes 24 and outlet or return pipes 25.

Each of the supply pipes 24 is shown as connected at its outer end, by a coupling 26, to a branch supply-pipe 27, which is in turn shown as connected by a coupling 28, to a second branch supply-pipe 29; this supply-pipe 29 being shown as connected in turn, by a bend 30 to a third branch supply-pipe 31, and the latter being shown as connected by a bond 32 to a short connecting-pipe 33 which is shown as connected by a coupling 34 to a branch-pipe 35, and the branch-pipe 35 being shown as connected by a bend 36 to the main supplypipe 11 of the boiler 01' furnace 10.

Each return pipe 25 is shown as connected by a coupling 37 to a branch return-pipe 38, and this pipe 38 is in turn shown as connected by a bend 39 to a second branch-pipe 40; the pipe 40 being shown as connected by a bond 41. to a main return-pipe 42 of the boiler 10, and a suitable valve 43 being shown as preferably connected to the pipe 40 at a point near the furnace or boiler 10 and just beyond the bend 41 which connects the pipe 40 with the return-pipe42. V 1

It is to be understood and will be obvious that the precise number'of the branch-pipes and their connecting couplings and bends may be varied as the particular structural character and arrangement of each building may demand; but it is to be understood that, in any event, the steam flows out of the main supply-pipe 11 and through the several branch supply-pipes, thence through the radiating-coils, and then through the returnpipes of said coils, and also through the branch return-pipes, and finally through the main return-pipe back into the boiler furnace.

Within each passageway are located two parallel Vertical steam-heating pipes 44 and 45, which extend upward through the entire length of the passageway and through the horizontal-partition thereof (if any) and the upper ends of each pair of which are connected by bends 46; the pipes 44 being the supply-pipes and the pipes being the return-pipes. To the lowerend of each supplypipe 44 is connected by a bend 47 a branch supply-pipe 48, and these pipes 48 are connected, in turn, to a cross-supply-pipe 50, by means ofabend and a number of couplings, 49, as shown. The cross supply-pipe 5O is shown as connected atone end, by a bend 51 to a branch supply pipe 52, which is shown as connected, by a coupling 53, to the branch supply-pipe 27.'above referred to. The steamsupply flows, as before, from the mainsupply-pipe 11 through the branch supply-pipes 35, 33, 31, and 29, and their connecting-bends turn to' a cross-coupling 60. Aibranch' return-pipe 61 is shown as connected to one valve 65 being also shown as connected to the pipe 12'near its pointof connection with the coupling 64. a

It is under-stood and believed to be obvious thatthe precise number of branch returnpipes and their bends and couplings may be varied as the plans and other structural fea tures of the particular building may require;

- but, in any event, the steam, after leaving the return-pipes 45, flows through the pipes 9 55 and thence through such branch returnthe'boiler 10.

pipes and bends and couplings as may be re quired to the main return-pipe 12 and into At the bottom of Fig. 1, a .third flue or chimney 16 is shown; said flue or chimney havingthree vertical passageways 17, and in letand return pipes 44 and 45, as before; the branch supply-pipe 50 being, in thisinstance, shown as connected to a branch'supply-pipe 52, which corresponds in function to the pipe 52, above described, and which is shown as connected to the branch supply-pipe 29 by a coupling 66; the course of the steam-supply being through the main supply-pipe 11 and branch supply-pipes 33, 31 and 29 and into the coupling 66 and pipe 52. In this instance the return-pipes 45 are shown as connected to a branch return-pipe 67 which is shown as connected by a bend 68 to a branchpipe 69, and the latteris shown as connected, to the coupling 60, before referred to; the return being, in this instance, through the coupling 60, and branch return-pipes 61' and 63, to the return-pipe 12. Other sets of passageways and air-mixing chambers may be supplied by branch supply-pipes 71 and 73 which are connected by couplings to the first branch supplypipe 35, and also by couplings 72 to each other. These additional systems are also provided with branch return-pipes 74 which are suitably coupled to the return-pipes above described and to each other, and which communicate with the main return-pipes 12 and 42.

Near the ceiling of each apartment of the building is located an air inlet opening 75 which communicates with one of the passageways 17, and which is formed in one wall of the apartment, while an outlet opening 76 is formed through said wall near the floor of the apartment, and communicates with another one of the passageways 17; said openings 75 and 76 being preferably provided with suitable gratings or registers, as shown. Immediately above each opening-75 the passageway with which said opening communicates is closed by a partition 77 which is built or suitably secured in the passageway, and which prevents any pure air from passing upward beyond the inlet-opening 7 5L 'Anumber of doors 78 are provided for closing corresponding openings in the passageways 17, through which openings access is had to the passageways for inspecting the steam supply and return pipes 44'and 45 in said passageways.

Now, from the above description, it will be seen that as the pure outer air enters the mixing-chambers, it is first heated by the indirect radiating coils' in said chambers, and then flows upward through the openings 18 and into the fines 17. At the same time one or moreof the gatesor doors 20 are opened more or less or said doors are kept entirely closed, so as to mingle or exclude portions of theouter cold air with the heated air in the dues, and thus bring such air to precisely the required temperature. The air in the flues now rises and enters the rooms through the inlet openings 75 and circulates entirely through the rooms, and as the air becomes heavier, by cooling in the rooms, it falls and is discharged through the outletopenings 76; such discharges escaping upward through the fines and; out at the roof of the building. Thus a constant and rapid circulation of air is automatically insured, and yet no direct drafts are possible. The air is kept perfectly pure in the rooms, and to the desired temperature, without muchattention being required, and the use of fuel is greatlyeconomized.

It is to be understood that whileI have described the radiating coils in the air mixing and heating compartments as supplying heat from steam, such coils may form parts of hotwater systems, and that the same holds true 7 with regard to the supply and return pipes in the passageways of the flues.

In Figs. 6 and 7, I have shown the bends 46 of the supply and return pipes 44 and 45 as supported by transverse bars 80, which extend across the passageways 17 and have also shown the pipes 44 and 45 as themselves supported by cross-bars 81 having bends 83 which are secured to the bars by bolts and nuts, as at 82; said bars 81 extending across the passageways 17 at right angles to the bars 80.

In my improved system I provide separate lines for fresh-air inlet and foul-air outlet for each and every room, and each and every one of said flues is heated from bottom to top by the continuous steam or hot-water pipes located therein, in contradistinction to other systems in which a single large flue is connected to a number of rooms to either supply fresh air thereto or convey foul air therefrom.

I am aware that many systems of heating by hot-air furnacesexist, and that in some of them separate dues for each room and for fresh and foul air are provided, and I make no claim to such. I am also aware thatafiue has been divided into aligned superposed chambers, the lower one of which communicates with a hot-air furnace at its lower end and with a room, and the upper one of which chambers communicates with the same room and with said lower chamber, such last-named communication being made by means of a smaller flue or pipe located within said firsttherefore, no claim to this last described con- .struction.

I am further aware that there are shown in a number of United States patents, flues in which the smoke-pipe of the furnace is extended upward through said flues, forimparting heat to the air contained therein prior to its being discharged into the rooms to be warmed or otherwise disposed of, and I therefore do not claim such arrangement as of my v the same air was delivered to the rooms, said invention.

What I claim is- The improved warming and ventilating apparatus, constructed with a f urnaceto circulate aheating-liquid,an air-mixing chamber 14connected with the atmosphere exterior of the building, radiating-tubes 23 located to heat the air in this mixing-chamber and connected by piping to receive heating-liquid from the boiler of said furnace, a single large flue or chimney 16 containing a series of parallel vertical straight passages 17 which extend from said mixing-chamber vertically and project 7 through the roof of the building, the lower end of each passage communicating with the said mixing-chamber, horizontal-partitions 77 which divide each of these passages into separate aligned upper and lower chambers, each of said upper chambers being connected with the lower portion of separate rooms, so as to form a separate outlet for air discharged into a given room by a diflerent chamber or passage, the lower chambers of said passages being connected by an opening with the upper part of separate rooms in the stories below the rooms to which said upper chambers are connected and forming supply-passages for i said rooms in the stories below entirely separated from the discharge-passages of the same rooms, whereby the air of all rooms is supplied by the lower chambers of said passages 17 but is discharged from said rooms by Way of upper chambers thereof which are out of alignment with said lower chambers through which upper and lower chambers having like crosssectional area to provide both a free supply and discharge of air for each room, and liquid-circulating heat-radiating pipes located a pair in each passage of said flue, and extending from end to end thereof through said partitions and connected at theirlower ends with said boiler of said furnace, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH H. BRADY. Witnesses:

H. E. PRICE, J NO. L. CoNDRoN. 

